Slaughter Pen Farm

December 13, 1862: Union forces launch a massive frontal assault about five miles south of Marye’s Heights at Prospect Hill, a muddy plantation field. Before the fighting ended, 9,000 Union and Confederate soldiers had fallen at a place later dubbed “the Slaughter Pen.” 

1930s: The Confederate line along Prospect Hill was added to Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, but the open plain — that which contained the Slaughter Pen — remained a dairy farm. Over time, it became hemmed in by a highway, a railroad and a small airport. The land was zoned for light industry, making it even more valuable for developers. 

1970s: Robert K. Krick, then historian at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, convinced the farm’s owner to sell two tracts of 20 and 23 acres, respectively, in the southwest corner of the property along the railroad to the National Park Service. 

1997: The farm escaped becoming an auto auction venture only when the business decided to build on another property. 

2003: The then Civil War Preservation Trust (the Trust) recognized the need to save the Slaughter Pen Farm property but, valued at more than $10 million, it posed a seemingly insurmountable financial challenge. 

November 2004: The farm’s owner being ill, he left his niece — his to-be sole beneficiary and executor of his estate — to field a slew of calls from interested developers and realtors, which prompted the Trust to back off at the time. 

Fall 2004: The Central Virginia Battlefields Trust (CVBT) scored a major preservation victory when it obtained a conservation easement on 104 acres zoned for industry on Latimer’s Knoll, just northwest of Slaughter Pen Farm on the other side of the railroad tracks. 

Spring 2005: Chief Policy and Communications Officer Jim Campi was alerted that the Spotsylvania County School Administration was working on a plan to buy 25 acres of Slaughter Pen Farm for a new elementary school. He worked to organize local residents into the Spotsylvania Battlefields Coalition, arranging tours of the property to prepare volunteers for a fight. 

July 2005: Campi had the Trust’s law firm send a Freedom of Information Act request and then President Jim Lighthizer sent a letter to the members of the Spotsylvania Battlefields Coalition, calling the troops out to attend a special community meeting set for July 14. Ultimately, the school administration backed down and cancelled the meeting. 

September 2005: When the longtime owner died, his niece made plans to sell. But she was not interested in working with preservationists — possibly because of the previous Spotsylvania County School Administration experience. Trust leaders were concerned that even a full cash offer from them might be rejected. 

December 2005: The farm, then 208 acres, went on the market as the “Pearson Industrial Tract” at $12 million. 

February 2006: After contacting Tricord Homes, a local firm with which the Trust had worked to fashion a preservation-friendly development proposal on the nearby Chancellorsville Battlefield, the Trust was able to utilize its relationship with the firm to secure a $12-million purchase contract on the Slaughter Pen Farm. 

March 28, 2006: The Trust announced that it had agreed to buy the property for $12 million, with a closing date of June 15, thus beginning its fundraising campaign. 

Spring 2006: CVBT pledged $1 million to save the Slaughter Pen Farm, demonstrating the local commitment to saving the site. 

Summer 2006: In his Message from Headquarters column in the summer issue of Hallowed Ground, then President Jim Lighthizer wrote that the Trust was pursuing the purchase of the Slaughter Pen Farm without knowing exactly how it would be paid for. But a game plan was built with creativity: Longtime Trust banking partner SunTrust, now Truist, agreed to fund the whole transaction and offer the Trust innovative financing opportunities. The loan’s terms required an annual payment of $400,000, and many donors scheduled a recurring gift to help pay down the balance. Plus, the Trust devised a plan to sell Virginia tax credits once it had placed a conservation easement on the property. 

June 15, 2006: The acquisition of the 208-acre Slaughter Pen Farm closed, becoming the largest and most complex private battlefield preservation effort in the nation’s history. 

October 2006: The Trust held the first public event at the Slaughter Pen Farm, a news conference at which then Secretary of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne announced that the project would receive a $2-million federal matching grant from the American Battlefield Protection Program — a sum that remains among the largest awards in that program’s history. In addition to its other funding sources, the Commonwealth of Virginia also contributed $300,000 toward the acquisition, a process that directly led to the creation of a first-in-the-nation state matching grant program for battlefield preservation in 2006. 

2009: The Trust installed an almost two-mile educational walking trail at Slaughter Pen Farm. The route is popular with locals, students of history and military units participating in staff rides to study lessons in leadership and tactics. 

March 2009: Then Virginia Governor Tim Kaine spoke at a news conference at Slaughter Pen Farm, emphasizing Virginia’s obligation to protect its historic battlefields. 

June 2012: At the Trust’s Annual Conference, CVBT representatives were honored for their commitment, presenting the final installment of their payment and receiving a standing ovation from grateful attendees. 

March 2019: Trust debuts Brothers in Valor project, bringing living Medal of Honor heroes to battlefields to walk in the footsteps of their Civil War counterparts, including Master Chief Special Warfare Operator Britt Slabinski, U.S. Navy Seals, at the Slaughter Pen Farm. 

2021: Although the Trust was due to finish its fundraising in 2024, a longtime, anonymous supporter challenged the group. If individual donors could come up with the next $400,000 annual payment, he would contribute all of the $800,000 remaining on the loan, paying it off two years early. 

May 2022: The final payment on the loan was made, two years ahead of schedule. With the Slaughter Pen Farm now owned free and clear by preservationists, the Trust and its many partners turned toward celebrating the milestone. 

September 2022: The Trust teamed up with Capital One’s Salute Business Resource Group to arrange a special Park Day volunteer clean-up at the Slaughter Pen Farm and First Day of Chancellorsville Battlefield sites in Fredericksburg, Va. Volunteers raked leaves, picked up litter and cleared walking paths.

December 2022: Living historians and reenactors commemorate the 160th anniversary of the Battle of Fredericksburg and the fighting at Slaughter Pen Farm. 

July 2024: A postwar farmhouse, the property’s last lingering modern structure, was demolished. Its removal clears the way for a new interpretive plaza and restoration of the landscape to its 1862 appearance.